Concrete construction.



Patented .lllly 3|, [900. l. A. SHALER. GCJNRETE GONSTRUCTIUN.

' (Applimon med mr. o, 1906.)

(No llodel.)

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'SPECIFICATION forming par; of Letts'ratesf No. 654,683, dated July 3i, 1900. @pisani-inea Marti 9,1900. serial no'. vieri. nu, man.)

To @ZZ wtom) t cQi/teeru: l x I D I Be it known that I, IRA A. SHALER, a citizen of the United States, residingin the borough of Manhattan, cityof New York, State of New York, have invented certain' new and useful Imprevem'ents in Concrete or Similar Constructions, et which the following is a specification, reference being had tothe accompanying drawings, forming a part hereof.

In the construction of walls, beams, floors, &c.,' of concrete, clay, rial for buildings, and other uses itiscommon t incorporate with the concrete, clay, or other material metallic rods or bars particularly for the purpose of giving tothe compound structurea" greater capacity to resist strains than is possessed by the concrete or clay alone. `In

order to eifecty this increase in strength, the arrangement of the met-allicrods or bars must be such as to prevent the failnreof the concrete, clay, or other similar materialbyeither tensile, compressive,` or shearing stresses, which implies thatthebond between the concrete, clay, o r other similar materiall and the `rods shall not bev broken 5' also,` that certain members of the metallic framework be so disposed as to intersect possible planes of sheari ing rupture in the concrete, clay,or other Unless meansare taken to similar material.V e e prevent it the bond between such rods or bars l 4 and the concreteor clay or other like mate- "rial is liable to become broken, whereby a se-- rions loss of strengthof the combined structure is occasioned. `Various `,means have been hitherto devised forthepurpose` of prevent-- ing failure or weakening of the construction due to shear in the "concrete, clay, orkother similar material orftothe breaking of the bond and consequent slipping otthe rod or `bar within the concrete, clay, or other simi-V lar material; butsuch means have been inei'icient or have left certain portionsoi` the skeleton liable to rust-from not being completely surrounded with concrete, have been unduly expensiveby reason of the fact that v special shapes have been required to be given to the rods or bars, have required the reduction 'of cross-section of the rods by the punching of holes, &c.\,"and have provided against the slipping of the rod inthe concrete or the or othersimilar matebridges, retaining-walls,

concrete "at or near the pointsof union. still further guard against the probability of explanation in the accompanying Shear in the' concrete only Without accomplishing any additional purpose.V It is the object of this invention to improve concrete or other like constructions of the class referred to, and particularly to provide improved means for preventing the breaking of the bond between the rods or bars and the concrete or other material, and also to provide improved means for preventing the failure of the construction by rupture of the con- `crete,fclay, or' other material due to either compressive, tensile, or `shearing stresses.

These means are not Aonly thoroughly efficient for the purpose intended, butprovide Welded joints betweenthe members, which can read-` ily be completely covered by concrete and are capable of application as `the work ot' cone struction progresses and Without requiring any previous preparation of the rods or bars employed Moreover, no reduction of the other be not only able to bind togetherV two portions ofthe construction or strengthen the concrete, clay, or other similar material against rupture, but alsoprevent the slipping inthe concreteofthe member with which it iis connected. e A, In accordance with gitudinal or`1nain member of" the metal part of thestructnre may have welded thereto one or more subordinate orcross members which` are disposed at an angle, preferably approachingia right angle,v with the longitudinalf or main member. e e e bedded inthe concrete, it is `impossible for the invention any lon- As allotthese parts are em- `crosse-section of the barsis required, and they y may `frequently be so arranged that one meme ber will through its rigid connection with anany slip to occur between the rods andthe any slipthe subordinate, or cross members and the longitudinal or main members themselves, especially where the distancesbetween the cross members are greator wh ere no cross members exist, may be upset, and thus formed with abnlbous enlargement or swelling, which is integral with the rod itself.` e Thev invention is illustrated ior purposes of drawings, in Whicli'- Y K Figure 1 is a sectional View of a beam or floor'whioh embodies ther invention,- a.y .por-f tion of the supporting-Wall being shown'. Fig. 2 is asimilar view` showing an extension ,of

the arrangement shovvninlig.- 1.' Fig.' 3 isi' a similarviem illustrating the application of. the invention toa retaining-Wall.v

In the severalgures of thedrawingsfthe main or longitudinal' members d Yofthe metal v structure are represented'as embedded in the concrete, clay, or `other material b.V fAsrepre-,f sented ,in both Figs.. l andr 2, there'mayfbe Welded to any main or longitudinal rneinber bers ',inay be Welded, as at f, tootherprineipal;

o at *suitablev intervals.' subordinateV 'o-r. jcrossl members 0,;-whieh are disposed at' ari-anglev vwith the main or longitudinalmember, suoli` angle preferably approaching a right-angle, The Welded joints are representedat ct.- i Theymay'inelude-all of the vjointsin.theskeletono or' a portionofsuoh joints onlygj As shown injFig; 2,- Where asecond longitudinal meinr ber d is indicated', the longitudinal ymeinbers may beva'ri'ously arranged Within uthe Icoon; crete according Ato the particular" strain'` to which lany( partof the strueture is'rto be: sub-j jec'ted. `As indicated in' Fig. 3', the v.mainmemL-i Y -rneinbers or'rodsV oQWhioh extend through the structure inia diretion transverse to-lthfatl' oflthe -rodskcLi As represented in Fig.l 3,1

braees'or'tiesemay be Welded at one or both l.

' .Y vendsto the main rods ofthe .wall am'dfou'n'i d-a-tion, as shownV at a, being embedded in the "concrete `ofthe buttress. Eaoh short, suborj,

' Y dinate,kor crossmemberzc is preferablyiup-I set rat sorne point,'as'at cito form an yin'tegral Y enlargement ousuobV rod for thepu'rp'osejot, securingarnirer bon'd','anid the main rods ,inayy also be Similarly upsegpas" at affor' thejsame Y purpose,l especially -vrhereV the-distances be- '-tivveenlthe Gross rods or members are co" fjparativelylarge or Where'thereare n'of.'v

l. f@frhiisspeefratidrs am'deutet-mtg@ n s '.jointsr'andy the setting 'of-the rods-ca acoomplished yvoifl; of oonstrutionprogresses and .'that'fconsequently it 1s .possible to .use for the purposeordinarysim. Vple-rods in'theconditionfin ywhich ythey are 'delivered fro'n'l ythe 'drawing-rolls Without requiring 'any further preparation `for, the in-l tended use. v v

f.; Other advantages ofj lthe improved oon- 4.struotion will bereadilyV understood. v Thus .the .metal skeleton is moreel' less Arigidv and is' itself therefore better ableV to Voai-ry loads in. oasefof the rupture of the concrete or'other 1 ma'terial'inwhieh it is embedded'.` Furthermore, such L'skeleton f possesses greater. effi feienoy in assisting the concrete while' intact to" carry loads or resist' strain'not only by providingl against shear'or 'rupturedue to other' Causes `in @the` oonor'ete' itself,V but byV `seouring a morefperfeotfunionbetween the ,ooncete Vand the. Vmetal.` skeleton; sincev the -welded' joints lprevent .any 'movement ofthe rodswithin the concrete',l and the.v rods and concretebody are caused to aet together as Tone-body. ltwill'alsfo'be noted thatbyweld- -ingthemernbers together no dirnin n tion 'of Vthe eross section .of' any1 member .is oeoasioned 'andalsothat theweldedj oin'ts'of the metal skeleton can becompletlycovered with theconrete, SO haitheyare notlexpos'ed to I elairn as my lnvention-j 1 p l p l. l f j. In afe'one'r'ete 'or other like" Construction, the eon'rbination with` theA conereteor other like-:body fot aV metal skeleton v enibedded therein',` vsaid skeleton .,eornprsing. inain 0r longitudinal vmembers -andf subordinate or cross rnenribersv welded qthereto-at intervals,

'substantially @ISSBOWH nd'deSC-jed' igneda'nd witnessed this 

